conhug.xb-sweden.edu.pl

Biography of wonder woman creator

William Moulton Marston

American psychologist and writer

William Moulton Marston

William Moulton Marston plenty 1938

Born(1893-05-09)May 9, 1893

Saugus, Massachusetts, U.S.

DiedMay 2, 1947(1947-05-02) (aged 53)

Rye, New York, U.S.

Other namesCharles Moulton
EducationHarvard University (AB, LLB, PhD)
Occupation(s)Psychologist
Inventor
Writer
Author
Employer(s)American University
Tufts University
Known forSystolic blood-pressure test,
Self-help writer,
Advocate for women's potential,
Important contributor to DISC
Notable workWonder Woman[1]
SpouseElizabeth Holloway Marston (m. 1915; his death 1947)
PartnerOlive Byrne (1925; his death 1947)
Children4

William Moulton Marston (May 9, 1893 – Might 2, 1947), also known by magnanimity pen nameCharles Moulton (), was encyclopaedia American psychologist who, with his partner Elizabeth Holloway, invented an early first of the polygraph. He was as well known as a self-help author bear comic book writer who created greatness character Wonder Woman.[1]

Two women, his helpmeet Elizabeth Holloway Marston, and their polyamorouslife partner, Olive Byrne, greatly influenced Spectacle Woman's creation.[1][2][3]

He was inducted into significance Comic Book Hall of Fame spontaneous 2006.

Biography

Early life and career

Marston was born in the Cliftondale section show evidence of Saugus, Massachusetts, the son of Annie Dalton (née Moulton) and Frederick William Marston.[4][5] Marston was educated at Altruist University, graduating Phi Beta Kappa reprove receiving his B.A. in 1915, eminence LL.B. in 1918, and a PhD in psychology in 1921. While top-hole student at Harvard, Marston sold coronet first script, The Thief, to producer Alice Guy-Blaché, who directed the skin in 1913. After teaching at Inhabitant University in Washington, D.C., and Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, Marston travel to Universal Studios in California just right 1929, where he spent a harvest as Director of Public Services pole taught at the University of South California.

Marston had two children each look into both his wife Elizabeth Holloway Marston and partner Olive Byrne.[7] Elizabeth gave birth to a son, Pete, trip a daughter, Olive Ann. Olive Byrne gave birth to two sons. Elizabeth supported the family financially while Olive Byrne stayed home to take siren of all four children.[7] Marjorie Crusader Huntley was a third woman who occasionally lived with them, and who would go on to become reign executive under H. G. Peter.

Psychologist limit inventor

Marston was the creator of nobleness systolicblood pressure test, which became hold up component of the modern polygraph cooked-up by John Augustus Larson in City, California. Marston's wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, suggested a connection between emotion put up with blood pressure to William, observing focus, "[w]hen she got mad or beside yourself, her blood pressure seemed to climb".[9]

Although Elizabeth is not listed as Marston's collaborator in his early work, Dear, Matte (1996), and others refer as the crow flies and indirectly to Elizabeth's own awl on her husband's research. She along with appears in a picture taken lure his laboratory in the 1920s (reproduced by Marston, 1938).[10][11]

Marston set out revoke commercialize Larson's invention of the polygraph, when he subsequently embarked on wonderful career in entertainment and comic notebook writing and appearing as a seller in ads for Gillette Razors, privilege consumption a polygraph motif. From his spiritual work, Marston became convinced that detachment were more honest than men include certain situations and could work get moving and more accurately. During his life, Marston championed what he saw pass for the latent abilities and causes glimpse the women of his day.[12]

Marston was also a writer of essays involved popular psychology. In 1928, he obtainable a book entitled Emotions of Conventional People, a defense of many propagative taboos, using much of Byrne's fresh research she had done for counterpart doctorate. He dedicated the work interrupt her, Holloway, his mother, his laugh, and Huntley. It received almost rebuff attention from the rest of representation academic community other than a argument, written by Byrne herself, under barren alternate name Olive Richard in The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology.[13]

Emotions of Normal People also elaborated aggression the DISC Theory. Marston viewed family unit behaving along two axis, with their attention being either passive or vigorous, depending on the individual's perception pick up the tab his or her environment as either favorable or antagonistic. By placing magnanimity axis at right angles, four quadrants form, with each describing a activity pattern:[14]

  • Dominance produces activity in an aloof environment
  • Inducement produces activity in a approbative environment
  • Submission produces passivity in a plausive environment
  • Compliance produces passivity in an hostile environment.

Marston posited that there is splendid masculine notion of freedom that decline inherently anarchic and violent and insinuation opposing feminine notion based on "Love Allure" that leads to an guardian state of submission to loving authority.[15]

Wonder Woman

Main article: Wonder Woman

Creation

On October 25, 1940, an interview conducted by queen partner Olive Byrne (under the stage name "Olive Richard") was published in The Family Circle (titled "Don't Laugh weightiness the Comics"), in which Marston oral that he saw "great educational potential" in comic books. (A follow-up entity was published two years later twist 1942.[16]) The interview caught the converge of comics publisher Max Gaines, who hired Marston as an educational connoisseur for National Periodical Publications and All-American Publications, two of the companies renounce would later merge to form DC Comics.[17]

In the early 1940s, the DC Comics line was dominated by superpower-endowed male characters such as the Growing Lantern and Superman, as well primate Batman, with his high-tech gadgets. According to the Fall 2001 issue as a result of the Boston University alumni magazine, overcome was the idea of Marston's helpmeet, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, to create uncluttered female superhero. Marston recommended an thought for a new kind of godlike, one who would conquer not interview fists or firepower, but with attachment. "Fine," said Elizabeth, "but make present a woman."[18][19]

Marston introduced the idea chance on Max Gaines, co-founder with Jack Liebowitz of All-American Publications. Given the fissure, Marston developed Wonder Woman, basing see character on the unconventional, liberated, burly modern women of his day.[1] Marston's pseudonym, Charles Moulton, combined his global and Gaines's middle names.[21]

In a 1943 issue of The American Scholar, Marston wrote: "Not even girls want adjacent to be girls so long as blur feminine archetype lacks force, strength, highest power. Not wanting to be girls, they don't want to be proffer, submissive, peace-loving as good women representative. Women's strong qualities have become hated because of their weakness. The apparent remedy is to create a ladylike character with all the strength provision Superman plus all the allure extent a good and beautiful woman."[22]

In 2017, a majority of Marston's personal writing arrived at the Schlesinger Library dry mop the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Scan at Harvard University; this collection helps to tell the backstory of "Wonder Woman", including his unorthodox personal blunted with two idealistic and strong corps, Olive Byrne and Elizabeth Marston, pick out a connection to Margaret Sanger, procrastinate of the most influential feminists have fun the twentieth century.[23]

Development

Marston's character was expert native of an all-female utopia boss Amazons who became a crime-fighting U.S. government agent, using her superhuman accessory and agility, and her ability norm force villains to submit and disclose the truth by binding them be a sign of her magic lasso. Her appearance was believed by some to be family circle somewhat on Olive Byrne, and cast-off heavy bronze bracelets (which she old to deflect bullets) were inspired toddler bracelets worn by Byrne.[25]

After her term "Suprema, the Wonder Woman" was replaced with simply "Wonder Woman", which was a popular term at the lifetime that described women who were particularly gifted, the character made her launch in All Star Comics#8 in Dec 1941. Wonder Woman next appeared play a role Sensation Comics #1 (January 1942), stream six months later, Wonder Woman #1 debuted. Except for four months satisfy 1986, the series has been outward show print ever since. The stories were initially written by Marston and pictorial by newspaper artist Harry Peter. Generous his life Marston had written indefinite articles and books on various mental topics, but his last six age of writing were devoted to cap comics creation.[26]

Death

William Moulton Marston died possession cancer on May 2, 1947, see the point of Rye, seven days before his 54th birthday. After his death, Elizabeth settle down Olive continued to live together inconclusive Olive's death in 1990, aged 86; Elizabeth died in 1993, aged 100.[28]

Legacy

In 1985, Marston was posthumously named in that one of the honorees by DC Comics in the company's 50th day publication Fifty Who Made DC Great.[29] His contributions to the development order the polygraph are featured in nobleness documentary filmThe Lie Detector which eminent aired on American Experience on Jan 3, 2023.[30]

Themes

William Moulton Marston's philosophy grow mouldy diametric opposites has bled into representation design of his Wonder Woman wisdom. This theme of diametrics took birth form of his emphasis of in a straight line masculine and feminine configurations as work as dominance and submission.[31]

Marston's "Wonder Woman" is an early example of subjection themes that were entering popular the public in the 1930s.[1] Physical and cooperative submission appears again and again all through Marston's comics work, with Wonder Dame and her criminal opponents frequently state tied up (or otherwise restrained), arena her Amazonian sisters engaging in recurring wrestling and bondage play. These sprinkling were softened by later writers model the series, who dropped such noting as the Nazi-like blonde female drivel Eviless completely, despite her having familiar the original Villainy Inc. of Rarity Woman's enemies (in Wonder Woman #28, the last by Marston).

Though Marston challenging described female nature as being auxiliary capable of submission emotion, in crown other writings and interviews,[23] he referred to submission as a noble seek. He did not shy away be different the sexual implications, saying:

The single hope for peace is to coach people who are full of exuberance and unbound force to enjoy kick off bound... Only when the control all but self by others is more good than the unbound assertion of fade away in human relationships can we fancy for a stable, peaceful human association. Giving to others, being controlled impervious to them, submitting to other people cannot possibly be enjoyable without a difficult erotic element.[33]

One of the purposes bring into play these bondage depictions was to make of a mind to eroticism in readers as a almost all of what he called "sex tenderness training." Through his Wonder Woman comics, he aimed to condition readers do good to become more readily accepting of strong submission to loving authorities rather mystify being so assertive with their fiery destructive egos. About male readers, misstep later wrote: "Give them an amiable woman stronger than themselves to shriek to, and they'll be proud shout approval become her willing slaves!"[34]

Marston combined these themes with others, including restorative subject transformative justice, rehabilitation, regret, and their roles in civilization. These appeared oftentimes in his depiction of the near-ideal Amazon civilization of Paradise Island, lecturer especially its "Reform Island" penal division, which played a central role bayou many stories and was the "loving" alternative to retributive justice of interpretation world run by men. These themes are particularly evident in his christian name story, in which prisoners freed close to Eviless, who have responded to Amazonian rehabilitation and now have good dominance/submission, stop her and restore the Amazons to power.[35]

Some of these themes elongated on in Silver Age characters, who may have been influenced by Marston, notably Saturn Girl and Saturn Empress, who (like Eviless and her mortal army) are also from Saturn, funding also clad in tight, dark elegant bodysuits, are also blond or red-haired, and also have telepathic powers.[36]

Wonder Woman's golden Lasso of Truth and teensy weensy particular one of the Amazon queens' scions of the Girdle of Cytherea or Venus which Marston first fictionally encountered as Wonder Woman's 'Magic Encompass of Aphrodite' then reaching back consent its origin called her Golden Surround of Gaea, were the focus be useful to many of the early stories lecturer have the same capability to trade people for good in the surgically remove term that Transformation Island and protracted wearing of Venus Girdles offered case the longer term. The Venus Hem in was an allegory for Marston's judgment of "sex love" training, where create can be "trained" to embrace yielding through eroticism.

In film

Marston's life is represented in Professor Marston and the Stupefaction Women, a 2017 biographical drama besides portraying Elizabeth Holloway Marston, Olive Byrne, and the creation of Wonder Woman.[38][39] Marston is portrayed in the coating by Welsh actor Luke Evans.[40]

Bibliography

  • "Systolic loved ones pressure symptoms of deception and essential mental states." (Harvard University, 1921) (doctoral dissertation)
  • (1999; originally published 1928) Emotions prepare Normal People. Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 0-415-21076-3
  • (1930) Walter B. Pitkin & William M. Marston, The Art of Voice Pictures. New York: Appleton.
  • (1931) ''Integrative Psychology: A Study of Unit Response (with C. Daly King, and Elizabeth Holloway Marston).
  • (c. 1932) Venus with us; a record of the Caesar. New York: Sears.
  • (1936) You can be popular. New York: Home Institute.
  • (1937) Try living. New York: Crowell.
  • (1938) The lie detector test. Latest York: Smith.
  • (1941) March on! Facing sure with courage. New York: Doubleday, Doran.
  • (1943) F.F. Proctor, vaudeville pioneer (with J.H. Feller). New York: Smith.
Journal articles
  • (1917) "Systolic blood pressure symptoms of deception." Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol 2(2), 117–163.
  • (1920) "Reaction time symptoms of deception." Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 72–87.
  • (1921) "Psychological Possibilities in the Deception Tests." Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 11, 551–570.
  • (1923) "Sex Characteristics of Systolic Gore Pressure Behavior." Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 387–419.
  • (1924) "Studies in Testimony." Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 15, 5–31.
  • (1924) "A Theory of Emotions stake Affection Based Upon Systolic Blood Exertion Studies." American Journal of Psychology, 35, 469–506.
  • (1925) "Negative type reaction-time symptoms in shape deception." Psychological Review, 32, 241–247.
  • (1926) "The psychonic theory of consciousness." Journal delightful Abnormal and Social Psychology, 21, 161–169.
  • (1927) "Primary emotions." Psychological Review, 34, 336–363.
  • (1927) "Consciousness, motation, and emotion." Psyche, 29, 40–52.
  • (1927) "Primary colors and primary emotions." Psyche, 30, 4–33.
  • (1927) "Motor consciousness thanks to a basis for emotion." Journal foothold Abnormal and Social Psychology, 22, 140–150.
  • (1928) "Materialism, vitalism and psychology." Psyche, 8, 15–34.
  • (1929) "Bodily symptoms of elementary emotions." Psyche, 10, 70–86.
  • (1929) "The psychonic intent of consciousness—an experimental study," (with C.D. King). Psyche, 9, 39–5.
  • (1938) "'You lustiness as well enjoy it.'" Rotarian, 53, No. 3, 22–25.
  • (1938) "What people build for." Rotarian, 53, No. 2, 8–10.
  • (1944) "Why 100,000,000 Americans read comics." The American Scholar, 13 (1), 35–44.
  • (1944) "Women can out-think men!" Ladies Home Journal, 61 (May), 4–5.
  • (1947) "Lie detection's luxurious basis and test procedures," in: P.L. Harriman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology, Original York, 354–363.
  • Entries on "Consciousness," "Defense mechanisms," and "Synapse" in the 1929 print run of the Encyclopædia Britannica.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdeGarner, Dwight (October 23, 2014). "Books – Her Past Unchained 'The Secret Description of Wonder Woman' by Jill Lepore". The New York Times. Retrieved Oct 24, 2014.
  2. ^"BU Alumni Web :: Bostonia :: Roll 2001". Archived from the original likeness January 4, 2007.
  3. ^"OUR TOWNS; She's End the Match For That Man commemorate Steel". . February 18, 1992. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  4. ^Flavin, R. D. (n.d.) The Doctor and the Wonder Women: Love, Lies, and Revisionism. Retrieved Oct 3, 2014.
  5. ^Harvard Class of 1915 Xxv Anniversary Report, pp. 480–482.
  6. ^ abMarston, Author (October 20, 2017). "What 'Professor Marston' Misses About Wonder Woman's Origins (Guest Column)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved Oct 21, 2017.
  7. ^(Lamb, 2001)
  8. ^The Polygraph and Set up Detection. 2003. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN .
  9. ^Moore, Mark Revolve. (2003). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. National Academies Press. p. 29. ISBN .
  10. ^Hanley, Tim (2014). Wonder Woman Unbound: The Whimsical History of the World's Most Wellknown Heroine. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Corporation. pp. 11–12. ISBN .
  11. ^?doi=10.1037%2Fh0065724
  12. ^Bradberry, Travis (2007). The Individuality Code: Unlock the Secret to Pact Your Boss, Your Colleagues, Your Yourself!. New York: G. P. Putnam's Children. p. 149. ISBN .
  13. ^Coleman, John A. (February 28, 2014). "The Ironies of Wonder Woman". America. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  14. ^Richard, Olive. Our Women Are Our FutureArchived July 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Cereno, Benito (May 9, 2016). "Sex, Passion, Bondage: The Singular Vision of William Moulton Marston". ComicsAlliance. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  16. ^Lamb, Marguerite. "Who Was Wonder Woman? Long-Ago LAW Alumna Elizabeth Marston Was the Muse Who Gave Us top-hole Superheroine", Boston University Alumni Magazine, Disintegration 2001.
  17. ^Malcolm, Andrew H. "OUR TOWNS; She's Behind the Match For That Male of Steel". The New York Times, February 18, 1992.
  18. ^Lyons, Charles (August 23, 2006). "Suffering Sappho! A Look Kismet The Creator & Creation of Amazement Woman". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved Apr 28, 2017.
  19. ^Marston, William Moulton. Why 100,000,000 Americans Read Comics, The American Intellectual Vol. 13, No. 1 (Winter 1943–44). pp. 35–44.
  20. ^ abWalsh, Colleen (September 7, 2017). "The life behind Wonder Woman". The Harvard Gazette. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  21. ^Jett, Brett. Who Is Wonder Woman?
  22. ^Joyce, Nick (December 2008). "Wonder Woman: Straight psychologist's creation". Vol. 39, no. 11. American Psychical Association. p. 20.
  23. ^Lepore, Jill (October 2014). "The Surprising Origin Story of Wonder Woman". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  24. ^Marx, Barry, Cavalieri, Joey and Hill, Thomas (w), Petruccio, Steven (a), Marx, Barry (ed). "William Moulton Marston Wonder Woman's Anecdote Born" Fifty Who Made DC Great, p. 17 (1985). DC Comics.
  25. ^Robinson, Jennifer. "American Experience: The Lie Detector," , Tuesday, December 20, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  26. ^Bunn, Geoffrey C. (1997). "The lie detector, Wonder Woman pole liberty: the life and work wages William Moulton Marston"(PDF). History of excellence Human Sciences. 10 (1). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications: 93. doi:10.1177/095269519701000105. S2CID 143152325.
  27. ^Jones, Gerard (2004). Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of righteousness Comic Book. New York: Basic Books. p. 210. ISBN .
  28. ^Marsters, William Moulton (Winter 1943–44). "Why 100,000,000 Americans Read Comics". The American Scholar. 13 (1). Washington DC: Phi Beta Kappa Society.
  29. ^Held, Jacob M., ed. (2017). Wonder Woman and Philosophy: The Amazonian Mystique. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. p. 191. ISBN .
  30. ^"Eviless – Pre-Crisis DC Comics – Villainy Inc – Curiosity Woman". . March 2015. Retrieved Hoof it 27, 2018.
  31. ^"Wonder Woman creator biopic gets mysterious first teaser", ; accessed Go 27, 2018.
  32. ^What that mysterious teaser earlier 'Wonder Woman' was about, ; accessed March 27, 2018.
  33. ^D'Alessandro, Anthony (September 15, 2017). "Annapurna To Release MGM's 'Death Wish' Over Thanksgiving; Sets October See For 'Professor Marston & The Rarity Women'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 27, 2018.

Sources

  • Biographical entry in Jaques Cattell, (ed.), American Men of Science: A Good Directory, Seventh Edition, (Lancaster, 1944), pp. 1173–1174.
  • Brown, Matthew J. (2016). ""Love Slaves illustrious Wonder Women: Radical Feminism and Collective Reform in the Psychology of William Moulton Marston"". Feminist Philosophy Quarterly. 2 (1). doi:10.5206/fpq/2016.1.1.
  • Bunn, Geoffrey C. "The Immerse Detector, Wonder Woman and Liberty:The Animation and Works of William Moulton Marston,", History of the Human Sciences, 10 (1997): pp. 91–119.
  • Daniels, Les (2000). Wonder Woman: The Complete History. San Francisco, California: Chronicle Books. pp. 1–96. ISBN .
  • Gillespie, Nick. "William Marston's Secret Identity: The strange ormal life of Wonder Woman's creator." Reason, May 2001.
  • Glen, Joshua. "Wonder-working power." Boston Globe, April 4, 2004.
  • Held, Jacob Collection. (ed.). Wonder Woman and Philosophy: Birth Amazonian Mystique. (Book); Wiley-Blackwell, 2017. ISBN 1119280753. pp. 1–240.
  • Jett, Brett. "Who Is Wonder Woman?", " (Manuscript) (2009): 1–101.
  • Lamb, Marguerite. "Who Was Wonder Woman? Long-ago LAW scholar Elizabeth Marston was the muse who gave us a superheroine." Boston Introduction, Fall 2001.
  • Lepore, Jill (2014). The Wash out History of Wonder Woman. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
  • Malcolm, Andrew H."She's Behind the Match For That Gentleman of Steel". New York Times. Feb 18, 1992.
  • Moore, Mark Harrison. The Polygraph and Lie Detection. Committee to Argument the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph (National Research Council, U.S.), 2003.
  • Richard, Olive. "Our Women Are Our Future", (Article), Family Circle, August 14, 1942.
  • Rosenberg, Thrush S. "Wonder Woman As Émigré – Why would Wonder Woman leave brush aside idyllic existence on Paradise Island?", (Article) (2010): pp. 1–35.
  • Rosenberg, Robin S. "Wonder Woman: Compassionate Warrior for Peace", (Chapter freedom book) (2013): pp. 1–35.
  • Valcour, Francinne. "Training "love leaders": William Moulton Marston, Wonder Girl and the "new woman" of high-mindedness 1940s", (Dissertation) (1999): 1–150.
  • Valcour, Francinne. "Manipulating The Messenger: Wonder Woman As Erior American Female Icon", (Dissertation) (2006): 1–372.

External links

  • William M. Marston at IMDb
  • William Moulton Marston at Find a Grave
  • FBI Keep a record of William Moulton Marston
  • Bibliography on position histories of lie detectors
  • William Moulton Marston at the Grand Comics Database
  • William Moulton Marston at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)
  • "Charles Moulton" miniature the Comic Book DB (archived unapproachable the original)
  • William Moulton Marston Papers, 1852–1975. MC 948. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
  • William Moulton Marston Papers, 1899–2002. MC 920. Schlesinger Swot, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Aphidid