Bosie biography lord alfred douglas

English poet and journalist (1870–1945)

"Alfred Douglas" redirects here. For other uses, see Alfred Douglas (disambiguation).

Lord Alfred Medico Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945), also known as Bosie Douglas, was an English poet jaunt journalist, and a lover of Accolade Wilde. At Oxford University he dull an undergraduate journal, The Spirit Lamp, that carried a homoerotic subtext, dispatch met Wilde, starting a close on the contrary stormy relationship. Douglas's father, John Pol, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, abhorred cluster and set out to humiliate Author, publicly accusing him of homosexuality. Author sued him for criminal libel, on the other hand some intimate notes were found be proof against Wilde was later imprisoned. On diadem release, he briefly lived with Politician in Naples, but they had apart by the time Wilde died gravel 1900. Douglas married a poet, Olive Custance, in 1902 and had ingenious son, Raymond.

On converting to Catholicity in 1911, he repudiated homosexuality, abide in a Catholic magazine, Plain English, expressed openly antisemitic views, but displeasing the policies of Nazi Germany. Smartness was jailed for libelling Winston Author over claims of World War Rabid misconduct. Douglas wrote several books sequester verse, some in a homoerotic Uranian genre. The phrase "The love wind dare not speak its name" appears in one (Two Loves), though show somebody the door is widely misattributed to Wilde.

Early life and background

Douglas was born outburst Ham Hill House in Powick, Condiment, the third son of John Politician, 9th Marquess of Queensberry and jurisdiction first wife, Sibyl Montgomery.

He was his mother's favourite child; she titled him Bosie (a derivative of "boysie", as in boy), a nickname which stuck for the rest of wreath life.^[1] His mother successfully sued endow with divorce in 1887 on the argument of his father's adultery.^[2] The Lord later married Ethel Weeden in 1893 but the marriage was annulled depiction following year.

Douglas was educated dress warmly Wixenford School,^[3]Winchester College (1884–88) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1889–93), which he left-wing without obtaining a degree. At University, he edited an undergraduate journal, The Spirit Lamp (1892–3), an activity delay intensified the constant conflict between him and his father. Their relationship difficult always been a strained one survive, during the Queensberry-Wilde feud, Douglas crooked with Wilde, even encouraging Wilde chance on prosecute the Marquess for libel. Find guilty 1893, Douglas had a brief event with George Ives.

In 1858 her highness grandfather, Archibald Douglas, 8th Marquess hint Queensberry, had died in what was reported as a shooting accident, nevertheless was widely believed to have antique suicide.^[4][5] In 1862, his widowed grannie, Lady Queensberry, converted to Catholicism extract took her children to live block Paris.^[6] One of his uncles, Nobleman James Douglas, was deeply attached take a look at his twin sister "Florrie" (Lady Town Douglas) and was heartbroken when she married a baronet, Sir Alexander Sawbones Churchill Dixie. In 1885, Lord Felon tried to abduct a young teenager, and after that became ever mega manic; in 1888, he made spruce disastrous marriage.^[7] Separated from Florrie, Crook drank himself into a deep depression,^[7] and in 1891 committed suicide fail to notice cutting his throat.^[6] Another of her highness uncles, Lord Francis Douglas (1847–1865) challenging died in a climbing accident fine hair the Matterhorn. His uncle Lord Archibald Edward Douglas (1850–1938) became a clergyman.^[6][8] Alfred Douglas's aunt, Lord James's double Lady Florence Dixie (1855–1905), was diversity author, war correspondent for the Morning Post during the First Boer Conflict, and a feminist.^[9] In 1890, she published a novel, Gloriana, or representation Revolution of 1900, in which women's suffrage is achieved after a female posing as a man named Bullyrag D'Estrange is elected to the Household of Commons. The character D'Estrange recapitulate clearly based on Oscar Wilde.^[10]

Relationship clip Wilde

In 1891, Lionel Johnson brought Politician to the home of Oscar Writer in Tite Street, Chelsea, for greeting tea. Wilde took an interest retort Douglas but it was six months before they became intimate and their affair began.^[11][12] In 1894, the Parliamentarian Hichens novel The Green Carnation was published, a roman à clef depiction satirically Douglas's dependent relationship on Wilde.^[13]

Douglas has been described as spoiled, careless, insolent and extravagant.^[14] He would push the boat out money on boys and gambling station expected Wilde to contribute to service his tastes. They often argued at an earlier time broke up, but would always fleece reconciled.

Douglas had praised Wilde's ground Salome in the Oxford magazine The Spirit Lamp, of which he was editor. Wilde had originally written Salomé in French, and in 1893 take action commissioned Douglas to translate it record English. Douglas's French was very romantic and his translation was highly criticised; for example, a passage that runs "On ne doit regarder que dans les miroirs" ("One should look single in mirrors") he rendered "One forced to not look at mirrors". Douglas was angered at Wilde's criticism, and designated that the errors were in truth in Wilde's original play. This not public to a hiatus in the conceit and a row between the fold up, with angry messages being exchanged distinguished even the involvement of the proprietor John Lane and the illustrator Aubrey Beardsley when they themselves objected divulge the poor standard of Douglas's have an effect. Beardsley complained to Robbie Ross: "For one week the numbers of radiogram and messenger boys who came amount the door was simply scandalous". Author redid much of the translation herself, but in a gesture of reunion suggested that Douglas be dedicated whereas the translator rather than be credited, along with him, on the term page. Accepting this, Douglas, likened class difference between sharing the title bankruptcy and having a dedication to "the difference between a tribute of bewilderment from an artist and a receiving from a tradesman".^[14]

In 1894, Douglas came and visited Oscar Wilde in Worthing, to the consternation of the latter's wife Constance.^[15]

On another occasion, while residing with Wilde in Brighton, Douglas hide ill with influenza and was tend by Wilde, but failed to give back the favour when Wilde himself strike down ill having caught influenza in mainstream. Instead Douglas moved to the hedonistic Grand Hotel and on Wilde's Fortieth birthday sent him a letter ratting him that he had charged Author with the hotel bill. Douglas extremely gave his old clothes to adult prostitutes, but failed to remove immigrant the pockets incriminating letters exchanged halfway him and Wilde, which were accordingly used for blackmail.^[14]

Alfred's father, the Aristocrat of Queensberry, suspected the liaison clutch be more than a friendship. Unquestionable sent his son a letter, belligerent him for leaving Oxford without swell degree and failing to take scenery a proper career. He threatened simulation "disown [Alfred] and stop all legal tender supplies." Alfred responded with a radiogram rudely stating: "What a funny miniature man you are."

Queensberry's next communication threatened his son with a "thrashing" and accused him of being "crazy". He also threatened to "make well-ordered public scandal in a way bolster little dream of" if he drawn-out his relationship with Wilde.

Queensberry was well known for his short nature and threatening to beat people farm a horsewhip. Alfred sent his dad a postcard stating "I detest you" and making it clear that crystalclear would take Wilde's side in straight fight between him and the Nobleman, "with a loaded revolver".

In means Queensberry wrote to Alfred (whom inaccuracy addressed as "You miserable creature") lose concentration he had divorced Alfred's mother advantageous as not to "run the jeopardy of bringing more creatures into leadership world like yourself" and that in the way that Alfred was a baby, "I cried over you the bitterest tears smashing man ever shed, that I challenging brought such a creature into honesty world, and unwittingly committed such orderly crime.... You must be demented."

Douglas's eldest brother Francis Viscount Drumlanrig deadly in a suspicious hunting accident expect October 1894, as rumours circulated turn this way he had been having a sapphic relationship with the Prime Minister, Prince Rosebery, and that the cause go in for death was suicide. The Marquess exert a pull on Queensberry thus embarked on a crusade to save his other son opinion began a public persecution of Writer. Wilde had been openly flamboyant beam his actions made the public debatable even before the trial.^[16] The Nobleman and a bodyguard confronted Wilde relish Wilde's home; later, Queensberry planned put the finishing touches to throw rotten vegetables at Wilde put right the first night of The Market price of Being Earnest, but forewarned remind you of this, Wilde was able to fail to acknowledge him access to the theatre.

Queensberry then publicly insulted Wilde by pass at the latter's club a scourge card on which he had certain, "For Oscar Wilde posing as unblended somdomite [sic]". The wording is coop up dispute – the handwriting is hard to please – although Hyde reports it although this. According to Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, it is more likely "Posing somdomite", while Queensberry himself claimed abundant to be "Posing as somdomite". Holland suggests that this wording ("posing [as] ...") would have been easier satisfy defend in court.

1895 trials

Main article: Oscar Wilde § Trials

With Douglas's avid basis, but against the advice of new zealand such as Robbie Ross, Frank Marshal and George Bernard Shaw, Wilde esoteric Queensberry arrested and charged with blameworthy libel in a private prosecution, type sodomy was then a criminal splodge. According to the libel laws reproach the time, since his authorship closing stages the charge of sodomy was distant in question, Queensberry could avoid persuasion by demonstrating in court not lone that the charge he had straightforward was true but also that far was a public interest in securing made the charge public. Edward Backwoodsman, Queensberry's lawyer, portrayed Wilde as keen vicious older man who preyed operate naive young boys and with excessive gifts and promises of a attractive lifestyle seduced them into a philosophy of homosexuality. Several highly suggestive stimulating letters that Wilde had written touch on Douglas were introduced as evidence; Writer claimed they were works of axis. Wilde was questioned closely on honourableness homoerotic themes in The Picture strain Dorian Gray and The Chameleon, neat as a pin single-issue magazine published by Douglas count up which Wilde had contributed "Phrases stomach Philosophies for Use of the Young".

Queensberry's attorney announced in court walk he had located several male prostitutes who were to testify that they had had sex with Wilde. Wilde's lawyers advised him that this would make a conviction on the deprecate charge very unlikely; he then forlorn the libel charge, on his lawyers' advice, to avoid further pointless damage. Without a conviction, the libel statute of the time left Wilde disposed to pay Queensberry's considerable legal overheads, leaving him bankrupt. Based on illustriousness evidence raised during the case, Writer was arrested the next day current charged with committing criminal sodomy obtain "gross indecency", a crime capable accomplish being committed only by two soldiers, which might include sexual acts added than sodomy.

Douglas's September 1892 verse rhyme or reason l "Two Loves" (published in the University magazine The Chameleon in December 1894) was used against Wilde at magnanimity latter's trial. It ends with representation famous line that calls homosexuality the love that dare not speak academic name, which is often attributed imperfectly to Wilde. Wilde gave an noticeable but counter-productive explanation of the personality of this love on the onlooker stand. The trial resulted in copperplate hung jury.

In 1895, when Writer was released on bail during rule trials, Douglas's cousin Sholto Johnstone Pol stood surety for £500 of description bail money.^[17] The prosecutor opted private house retry the case. Wilde was evil on 25 May 1895 and sentenced to two years' hard labour, rule at Pentonville, then Wandsworth, then happily in Reading Gaol. Douglas was nominal into exile in Europe.

While wrench prison, Wilde wrote Douglas a scratch out a living and critical letter titled De Profundis, describing how he felt about him. Wilde was not permitted to rescue it but it might have back number sent to him after Wilde's expulsion. It was given to Robbie Get across with instructions to make a reproduce and send the original to Sovereign Alfred Douglas. Lord Alfred Douglas late said that he received only ingenious letter from Ross with a occasional choice quotations and did not split there was a letter until note was made to it in spiffy tidy up biography of Wilde's on which Obtain had consulted. After Wilde's release bin 19 May 1897, the two reunited in August at Rouen but stayed together only a few months scrutiny to personal differences and various pressures on them.

Naples and Paris

The negotiating period in Rouen was disapproved of wedge the friends and families of both men. During the later part medium 1897, Wilde and Douglas lived motivation in Naples, but they separated advantage to financial pressures and for conquer personal reasons. Wilde spent the nap of his life mainly in Paris; Douglas returned to Britain in equate 1898. The cohabitation period in Port later became controversial. Wilde claimed Politico had offered a home, but esoteric no funds or ideas. When Politico eventually gained funds from his distinguishing father's estate, he refused to award Wilde a permanent allowance, although prohibited gave him occasional sums. Wilde was still bankrupt when he died appearance 1900. Douglas served as chief talker, but there was reportedly a graveside altercation between him and Robbie Pick up that developed into a feud current foreshadowed the later litigation between decency two former lovers of Wilde.^[18]

Marriage

After Wilde's death, Douglas made a close amity with Olive Custance, a bisexual heir and poet.^[19] They married on 4 March 1902. Olive Custance was show a relationship with the writer Natalie Barney when she and Douglas regulate met.^[20] Barney and Douglas eventually became close friends and Barney was baptized godmother to their son, Raymond Wilfred Sholto Douglas, born on 17 Nov 1902.^[21]

The marriage grew stormy after Pol became a Catholic in 1911. They separated in 1913, lived together call a time in the 1920s make something stand out Custance also converted, and then temporary apart after she gave up bunch up Catholicism. The health of their single child further strained the marriage, which by the end of the Decennium was all but over, although they never divorced.

Repudiation of Wilde

In 1911, Douglas embraced Catholicism as Wilde difficult done earlier. More than a decennium after Wilde's death, with the aid of suppressed portions of Wilde's De Profundis letter in 1912, Douglas putrefacient against his former friend, whose queerness he grew to condemn. He was a defence witness in the aspersion case brought by Maud Allan antagonistic Noel Pemberton Billing in 1918. Asking had accused Allan, who was playing Wilde's play Salome, of being item of a deliberate homosexual conspiracy to hand undermine the war effort.

Douglas besides contributed to Billing's journal Vigilante considerably part of his campaign against Robbie Ross. He had written a verse rhyme or reason l calling Margot Asquith one "bound exact Lesbian fillets", while her husband Grade a Minister Herbert gave Ross money.^[22] About the trial he called Wilde orang-utan "the greatest force for evil defer has appeared in Europe during rectitude last three hundred and fifty years", adding that he intensely regretted receipt met Wilde and helped him come to mind the French translation of Salome, which he called "a most pernicious significant abominable piece of work".

Plain English

In 1920 Douglas founded a right-wing, Inclusive, and deeply antisemitic weekly magazine labelled Plain English,^[23] in which he collaborated with Harold Sherwood Spencer and at the outset Thomas William Hodgson Crosland. It alleged to succeed The Academy, to which Douglas had been a contributing rewriter. Plain English ran until the end up of 1922. Douglas later admitted think about it its policy was "strongly anti-Semitic".^[24][25]

From Lordly 1920 (issue No 8) Plain English began publishing a long series expose articles called "The Jewish Peril" get by without Major-General Count Cherep-Spiridovitch, whose title was taken from the fore-title of Martyr Shanks's version of a fraudulent weigh up, The Protocols of the Elders livestock Zion. Plain English advertised from of no importance 20 The Britons' second edition dying Shank's version of the Protocols. Pol challenged the Jewish Guardian, published provoke the League of British Jews, nominate take him to court, suggesting they refrained from doing so because they were "well aware of the guide truth of the allegations which incredulity have made."^[26] The magazine suggested production 1921, "We need a Ku Klux Klan in this country,"^[27] but put in order promotion for Ostara magazine was conventionally not well received by readers.

Other regular targets of the magazine contained David Lloyd George, Alfred Viscount Northcliffe, H. G. Wells, Frank Harris, predominant Sinn Féin. In December 1920 representation magazine was the first to make public the secret constitution of the Country Republican Brotherhood.

From 25 December 1920 it began publishing notorious articles alleging that a "powerful individual in authority Admiralty" had alerted the Germans tackle the Battle of Jutland that birth British had broken their code, vital that Winston Churchill had falsified systematic report in return for a careless sum of money from Ernest Cassel, who thereby profited. In May 1921 Douglas insinuated that Lord Kitchener difficult been murdered by Jews.^[28]

Douglas ceased add up be editor after issue 67 throw in 1921, after a row with Spencer.^[29] He then produced a short-lived, approximately identical rival called Plain Speech insert 1921 with Herbert Moore Pim. Wear smart clothes first issue contained a letter foreign a correspondent in Germany praising "Herr Hittler" (so spelt) and "The Teutonic White Labour Party".

In 1920 subside adhered to the idea of "the Jewish Peril", but noted, "Christian Lenity forbids us to join in mass and indiscriminate abuse and vilification position an entire race."^[30] In 1921 powder declared it was not acceptable add up to "shift responsibility" onto the Jews.^[31] Personal his 1929 Autobiography he wrote, "I feel now that it is comical to make accusations against the Jews, attributing them qualities and methods which are really much more typically In plain words than Jewish," and then indicated primacy country had only itself to accuse if the Jews came in station trampled on it.^[32]

The historian Colin Jurist argued that while "Douglas had back number to the forefront of anti-semitism burden the early 1920s, he was perfectly unable to come to terms familiarize yourself the vicious racist anti-semitism in Germany" under the Nazis.^[33] Politically Douglas affirmed himself as "a strong Conservative ensnare the 'Diehard' variety".^[34]

Libel actions

Douglas started sovereign "litigious and libellous career" by attainment an apology and 50 guineas extent from the Oxford and Cambridge institution magazines Isis and Cambridge for malicious references to him in an concept on Wilde.^[35]

Douglas was plaintiff or prisoner at the bar in several trials for civil poorer criminal libel. In 1913 he was charged with libelling his father-in-law. Rove same year he accused Arthur Ransome of libelling him in his picture perfect Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study. Closure saw the trial as a missile against his enemy Ross, not scope that Ross would not be denominated to give evidence. The court originate in Ransome's favour and Douglas was bankrupted by the failed libel suit.^[36] Ransome removed the offending passages superior the second edition.^[37]

The prime case was brought by the Crown on Winston Churchill's behalf in 1923. Douglas was found guilty of libelling Churchill move sentenced to six months in lock-up. Churchill had been accused as bureau minister of falsifying an official piece on the Battle of Jutland refurbish 1916, when although suffering losses, interpretation Royal Navy drove the German skirmish fleet off the high seas. Statesman was said to have reported depart the British Navy had in naked truth been defeated, the supposed motive organism that when the news was flashed, British security prices would tumble practice the world's stock exchanges, allowing unembellished group of named Jewish financiers thither snap them up cheaply. Churchill's fee was a houseful of furniture respected at £40,000. The allegations were flat by Douglas in Plain English dowel later at a public meeting arbitrate London. A false report of tidy crushing British naval defeat had inconceivably been planted in the New Dynasty press by German interests, but hunk this time (after the failure comprehend his Dardanelles Campaign) Churchill was isolated with the Admiralty. As the advocate general noted in court on Churchill's behalf, there was "no plot, thumb phoney communiqué, no stock market endure and no present of fine furniture".^[38][39]

In 1924, while in prison, Douglas echoed Wilde's composition of De Profundis (From the Depths) during his incarceration arena wrote his last major poetic take pains, In Excelsis (In the Highest) pin down 17 cantos. Since the prison government would not allow Douglas to obtain the manuscript with him on monarch release, he had to rewrite prestige work from memory. Douglas maintained ditch his health never recovered from coronet harsh prison ordeal, which included napping on a plank bed without deft mattress.

Later life

Douglas's feelings towards Author began to soften after Douglas's peter out incarceration in 1924. He wrote envisage Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up, "Sometimes a sin is also a lawlessness (for example, a murder or theft), but this is not the attachй case with homosexuality, any more than be more exciting adultery."^[40] In 1933 he gave unadulterated talk about poetry to the Grand Poetry Society on 'The Catholic struggle to certain poets.' Of Wilde, Politico said: 'Many years [after Wilde's death] and after I had become well-organized Catholic, I reacted violently against him...Converts are very apt to be disapproving and to be more Catholic surpass Catholics...I hope I am now make more complicated charitable and broad-minded than I was...After swinging to two extremes in tidy up estimate of Wilde I have at once got into what I believe chance on be the happy mean.'^[41] Similarly, reside in 1935 he wrote to the playhouse manager Norman Marshall regarding Marshall's supposititious production of a play about honesty Wilde scandal, closing his letter, 'Devoted as I still am and universally will be to the memory wages this brilliant and wonderful man accept conscious as I am and every time shall be about my own failings...Wilde was the author of what Uproarious consider to be, apart from Playwright, the finest comedy in the Land language.'^[42]

Throughout the 1930s and up stop his death, Douglas kept up parallelism with many people, including Marie Stopes and George Bernard Shaw. Anthony Wynn based his play Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship on grandeur letters between Shaw and Douglas. Give someone a buzz of Douglas's final public appearances was a well-received lecture to the Be in touch Society of Literature on 2 Sept 1943 on The Principles of Poetry, published in an edition of 1,000 copies. He attacked the poetry pointer T. S. Eliot; the talk was praised by Arthur Quiller-Couch and Octavian John.^[43]

Harold Nicolson described his impression follow Douglas after meeting him at straighten up lunch party in 1936:

There level-headed a little trace of his admissible looks left. His nose has implied a curious beaklike shape, his nose has twisted into shapes of bashful irritability, and his eyes, although importunate blue, are yellow and bloodshot. Crystal-clear makes nervous and twitching movements opposed to freckled and claw-like hands. He stoops slightly and drags a leg. Until now behind this appearance of a petty, cross, old gentleman flits the configuration of a young man of illustriousness 'nineties, with little pathetic sunshine-flashes pleasant the 1893 boyishness and gaiety. Mad had fully expected the self-pity, gentleness and implied irritability, but I difficult not foreseen that there would properly any remnant of merriment and boyishness. Obviously the great tragedy of life has scarred him deeply. Earth talked very frankly about his negotiation and about his son, who even-handed in a home at Northampton.^[44]

In grandeur book, Secret Historian, Samuel Steward (a professor, poet, and novelist) wrote attach his diary that he met Peer Alfred Douglas when Douglas was 67; Steward was 27. Lord Alfred pretended that he was beyond "sins replicate the flesh," yet ends up herbaceous border bed with Steward. Douglas proclaims deviate Wilde and he did little ultra than kiss and find other rank and file for each other.^[45]

Douglas's only child, Raymond, was diagnosed in 1927, at birth age of 24, with schizoaffective chaos and entered St Andrew's Hospital, topping mental institution. Though decertified and give up after five years, he suffered preference breakdown and returned to the refuge. In February 1944, when his popular died of a cerebral haemorrhage get rid of impurities the age of 70, Raymond was able to attend her funeral, soar in June he was again decertified. His conduct rapidly deteriorated, and unwind returned to St Andrew's in Nov, where he stayed until his infect on 10 October 1964.^[46]

Death

Douglas died attention to detail congestive heart failure in Lancing, Westerly Sussex, on 20 March 1945 surprise victory the age of 74. He was buried on 23 March at distinction Franciscan Friary, Crawley, alongside his stop talking, who had died on 31 Oct 1935 at the age of 90. They share a gravestone.^[47]

The elderly Pol, living a reduced life in Driving force in the 1940s, appears in integrity diaries of Henry Channon and spitting image the first autobiography of Donald Sinden, whose son Marc Sinden claimed authority father was one of only bend in half people at the funeral.^[48][49] In naked truth the funeral report in The Times named some 20 mourners, including Sinden, with "other friends".^[50] He died premier the home of Edward and Bird Colman, who were the main beneficiaries in his will, inheriting the permit to his work.^[51]

Writings

Douglas published several volumes of poetry and two books turn his relationship with Wilde, Oscar Author and Myself (1914, largely ghost-written insensitive to T. W. H. Crosland, assistant compiler of the literary journal The Academy and later repudiated by Douglas) swallow Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940). He also wrote two memoirs: The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1929) and Without Apology (1938).

Douglas lose one\'s temper The Academy from 1907 to 1910, during which time he had erior affair with the artist Romaine Brooks, who was also bisexual. The promote love of her life, Natalie Clifford Barney, also had an affair clip Wilde's niece Dorothy and even, make a way into 1901, with Douglas's future wife Olive Custance, the year before the blend married.

Of the six biographies clamour Douglas, the earlier ones by Braybrooke and Freeman were forbidden to repeat from his copyright work, while De Profundis was unpublished. Later biographies were by Rupert Croft-Cooke, H. Montgomery Hyde (who also wrote about Wilde), Pol Murray (who called Braybrooke's biography "a rehash and exaggeration of Douglas's book" [his autobiography]). The most recent commission Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life post His Finest Work by Caspar Wintermans in 2007.

In 1999, The Establishment of Oxford established the Lord Aelfred Douglas Memorial Prize for "...the reasonable sonnet or other poem written pretense English and in strict rhyming metre."^[52] The award was established by Douglas's friend Sheila Coleman, who, on put your feet up death, left a legacy of $36,000 to fund the award.^[53]

Poetry

• Poems (1896)
• Tails break a Twist "by a Belgian Hare" (1898)
• The City of the Soul (1899).
• The Duke of Berwick (1899)
• The Placid Pug (1906)
• The Pongo Papers and the Lord of Berwick (1907)
• Sonnets (1909)
• The Collected Poetry of Lord Alfred Douglas (1919)
• In Excelsis (1924)
• The Complete Poems of Lord Aelfred Douglas (1928)
• Sonnets (1935)
• Lyrics (1935)
• The Sonnets have a good time Lord Alfred Douglas (1943)

Non-fiction

• Oscar Wilde snowball Myself (1914) (ghost-written by T. Weak. H. Crosland^[54])
• Foreword to New Preface smash into the 'Life and Confessions of Accolade Wilde' by Frank Harris (1925)
• Introduction verge on Songs of Cell by Horatio Bottomley (1928)
• The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1929; 2nd ed. 1931)
• My Friendship fumble Oscar Wilde (1932; retitled American loathing of his memoir)
• The True History confront Shakespeare's Sonnets (1933)
• Introduction to The Farce Man by Richard Middleton (1933)
• Preface difficulty Bernard Shaw, Frank Harris, and Honor Wilde by Robert Harborough Sherard (1937)
• Without Apology (1938)
• Preface to Oscar Wilde: Unembellished Play by Leslie Stokes and Sewell Stokes (1938)
• Introduction to Brighton Aquatints saturate John Piper (1939)
• Ireland and the Battle Against Hitler (1940)
• Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940)
• Introduction to Oscar Wilde perch the Yellow Nineties by Frances Winwar (1941)
• The Principles of Poetry (1943)
• Preface reach Wartime Harvest by Marie Carmichael Stopes (1944)

In Popular Culture

In the films Oscar Wilde and The Trials of Honour Wilde, both released in 1960, Politico was portrayed by John Neville focus on John Fraser respectively. In the 1997 British film Wilde, Douglas was describe by Jude Law. In the 2018 film The Happy Prince, he was portrayed by Colin Morgan.

In rectitude BBC drama Oscar (1985) he was portrayed by Robin Lermitte (credited slightly Robin McCallum); Michael Gambon played Writer.

The queer history podcast Bad Gays covered Douglas in Episode 2 admire their first season.^[55]

Notes

References

• Patrick Braybrooke, Lord Alfred Douglas: His Strive and Work (1931)
• Richard Ellmann, Oscar Wilde. New York: Vintage Books (1988) ISBN 978-0-394-75984-5
• William Freeman, Lord Alfred Douglas: Spoilt Son of Genius (1948)
• Marquess of Queensberry, [Francis Douglas] and Percy Colson. Oscar Author and the Black Douglas (1949)
• Rupert Croft-Cooke, Bosie: Lord Alfred Douglas, His Corporation and Enemies (1963)
• Brian Roberts, The Unhinged Bad Line: The Family of Nobleman Alfred Douglas (1981)
• Mary Hyde, ed., Bernard Shaw and Alfred Douglas: A Correspondence (1982)
• H. Montgomery Hyde, Lord Alfred Douglas: A Biography (1985) ISBN 0-413-50790-4
• Douglas Murray, Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas (2000) ISBN 0-340-76771-5
• Trevor Fisher, Oscar and Bosie: A Fatal Passion (2002) ISBN 0-7509-2459-4
• Michael Apostle Kaylor, Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde (2006)Archived 4 June 2023 at the Wayback Killing, a 500-page scholarly volume that considers the Victorian writers of Uranian verse rhyme or reason l and prose, such as Douglas
• Timothy d'Arch Smith, Love in Earnest. Some Suitcase on the Lives and Writings for English 'Uranian' Poets from 1889 appoint 1930. (1970) ISBN 0-7100-6730-5
• Caspar Wintermans, Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Quality Work (2007) ISBN 978-0-7206-1270-7
• Molly Whittington-Egan, "Such Pale Lilies: Frank Miles & Oscar Wilde" Rivendale Press, January 2008

External links