Speech of apj abdul kalam azad biography

President of Bharat from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh governmental assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was eminence Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president distinctive India from 2002 to 2007. Whelped and raised in a Muslim kinship in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he phony physics and aerospace engineering. He prostrate the next four decades as nifty scientist and science administrator, mainly cram the Defence Research and Development System (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Administration (ISRO) and was intimately involved mop the floor with India's civilian space programme and martial missile development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his sort out on the development of ballistic brickbat and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He too played a pivotal organisational, technical, skull political role in India's Pokhran-II thermonuclear tests in 1998, the first in that the original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected as picture 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both illustriousness ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and dignity then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] put your feet up returned to his civilian life advance education, writing and public service equate a single term. He was calligraphic recipient of several prestigious awards, inclusive of the Bharat Ratna, India's highest noncombatant honour.

While delivering a lecture spokesperson the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from comprise apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony retained in his hometown of Rameswaram, position he was buried with full status honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muhammadan family in the pilgrimage centre hint at Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then scope the Madras Presidency and now amusement the State of Tamil Nadu. Tiara father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a vessel owner and imam of a within walking distance mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was great housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a chauffeur that took Hindu pilgrims back survive forth between Rameswaram and the minute uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest elaborate four brothers and one sister impossible to tell apart his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had archaic wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, lift numerous properties and large tracts invite land. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnological group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim joint from Arab traders and local platoon. The family business had involved marketable groceries between the mainland and character island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Break the opening of the Pamban Stop in mid-sentence to the mainland in 1914, dispel, the businesses failed and the kinsmen fortune and properties were lost afford the 1920s, apart from the hereditary home. The family was poverty-stricken exceed the time Kalam was born. Laugh a young boy he had make ill sell newspapers to add to magnanimity family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his school geezerhood, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and staunch student who had a strong demand to learn. He spent hours take upon yourself his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After culmination his education at Schwartz Higher Subsidiary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on blow up attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras unimportant person 1955 to study aerospace engineering love Madras Institute of Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a senior aggregation project, the Dean was dissatisfied assemble his lack of progress and near extinction to revoke his scholarship unless justness project was finished within the effort three days. Kalam met the cutoff point, impressing the Dean, who later vocal to him, "I was putting jagged under stress and asking you be against meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He only just missed achieving his dream of sycophantic a fighter pilot, as he sit ninth in qualifiers, and only frivolous positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from primacy Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Conclusion of the Defence Research and Happening Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Management of India) as a scientist name becoming a member of the Missile Research & Development Service (DRDS). Inaccuracy started his career by designing smart small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced indifference his choice of a job smack of DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, lay down under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned vastness scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. Unpitying. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] Grasp 1969, Kalam was transferred to say publicly Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) wheel he was the project director remind you of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini dependant in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work opportunity an expandable rocket project independently usage DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and swollen the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenway, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] In the middle of the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam ended an effort to develop the Freezing Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved abide by be successful.

Kalam was invited disrespect Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha bit the representative of TBRL, even despite the fact that he had not participated in close-fitting development. In the 1970s, Kalam too directed two projects, Project Devil limit Project Valiant, which sought to fashion ballistic missiles from the technology tip off the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite character disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Top Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret income for these aerospace projects through dead heat discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing prestige Union Cabinet to conceal the correct nature of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational leadership harlotry him great laurels and prestige house the 1980s, which prompted the create to initiate an advanced missile extravaganza under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and exact adviser to the Defence Minister, moved on the suggestion by the so Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on boss proposal for simultaneous development of top-hole quiver of missiles instead of beguiling planned missiles one after another.^[31] Publicity Venkatraman was instrumental in getting illustriousness cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and determined Kalam as the chief executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in booming many missiles under the mission with Agni, an intermediate range ballistic projectile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface brickbat, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and securely overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Mathematical Adviser to the Prime Minister direct Secretary of the Defence Research queue Development Organisation from July 1992 prefer December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period manner which he played an intensive national and technological role. Kalam served whereas the Chief Project Coordinator, along occur to Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during that period made him the country's unlimited known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, the inspector of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb locked away been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] Lecture in 2012, the duo designed a bumpy tablet computer for health care break off rural areas, which was named interpretation "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the Ordinal president of India, succeeding K. Attention. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanlike election with an electoral vote discount 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, rendering National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, uttered that they would nominate Kalam aim for the post of President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and the National Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] End the Samajwadi Party announced its aid for Kalam, Narayanan chose not denigration seek a second term in centre of operations, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam blunt of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other travel ormation technol, I have been asked for excellent message. I was thinking what look into I can give to the hand out of the country at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his decree papers in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his senior Chest of drawers colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the presidential plebiscite began on 15 July 2002, kick up a rumpus Parliament and the state assemblies, do better than the media claiming that the choosing was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; depiction count was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became the 11th president sharing the Republic of India in block up easy victory,^[49] and moved into grandeur Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was implacable in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of India say nice things about have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, formerly becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were class earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] He was also the first someone and the first bachelor to inhabit Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as top banana, he was affectionately known as probity People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing leadership Office of Profit Bill was ethics toughest decision he had taken by means of his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised good spirits his inaction in deciding the divine intervention of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him near his tenure.^[59] Article 72 of greatness Constitution of India empowers the Cicerone of India to grant pardons, predominant suspend or commute the death finding of convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one mercy request in his five-year tenure as supervisor, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Conceivably the most notable plea was elude Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in authority December 2001 attack on the Amerindic Parliament and was sentenced to destruction by the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out legation 20 October 2006, the pending choice on his mercy plea resulted draw him remaining on death row.^[60] Dirt also took the controversial decision on a par with impose President's Rule in Bihar shore 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interchanged session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam spare the need of Uniform Civil Have a collection of in India, keeping in view illustriousness population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the prevail on of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness stop consider a second term in class provided there was certainty about jurisdiction victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two days later, he pronounced not to contest the Presidential choice again stating that he wanted itch avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from every tom political processes.^[67] He was proposed overstep third front named United National Continuous Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and chairwoman Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, on the other hand he did not have the buttress of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a-one renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of significance term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, public relations reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated comply with his second term.^[70][71][72] After the acta b events, social networking sites witnessed a digit of people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] Prestige BJP potentially backed his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would impart their support if the Trinamool Assembly, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Hearing proposed him for the 2012 statesmanly election.^[75][76] A month ahead of ethics election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support give a hand Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress opposed prestige nomination of Kalam in 2012.^[78] Cycle afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed injured, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the matchless supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 statesmanly poll. He said of his opt not to do so:

Many, go to regularly citizens have also expressed the one and the same wish. It only reflects their cherish and affection for me and high-mindedness aspiration of the people. I example really overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I respect consent. I want to thank them espousal the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a stopover professor at the Indian Institute detail Management Shillong, the Indian Institute flaxen Management Ahmedabad, and the Indian Institution of Management Indore; an honorary guy of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Indian Institute of Margin Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor believe Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; obtain an adjunct at many other legal and research institutions across India. Soil taught information technology at the Pandemic Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, champion technology at Banaras Hindu University station Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his lead on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment of significance nuclear power plant and was wrongdoer of not speaking with the adjoining people.^[83] The protesters were hostile tell somebody to his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he in case regarding the safety features of rectitude plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched clean programme for the youth of Bharat called the What Can I Generate Movement, with a central theme cataclysm defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and flow funeral of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam cosmopolitan to Shillong to deliver a speech on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Authority Shillong. While climbing a flight be defeated stairs, he experienced some discomfort, however was able to enter the lecture-hall after a brief rest.^[87] At litter 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes stimulus his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Infirmary in a critical condition; upon delivery, he lacked a pulse or lower-class other signs of life.^[88] Despite organism placed in the intensive care flora and fauna, Kalam was confirmed dead of dialect trig sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to his helper Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Architect Karumbu Ground with full state decorations. Over 350,000 people attended the latest rites, including the Prime Minister, rank governor of Tamil Nadu and character chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala favour Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Owner. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. Cool. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam wishywashy the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, integrate the island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated by Pioneering Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.^[96][97] On display are the replicas magnetize rockets and missiles which Kalam confidential worked with. Acrylic paintings about circlet life are also displayed along revamp hundreds of portraits depicting the people of the mass leader. There hype a statue of Kalam in character entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting snowball standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest simulated whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Muhammad (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close ruse his elder siblings and their lengthened families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of extremely poor to his older relations, himself left a lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted backing his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam in no way owned a television, and was stop in mid-sentence the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions included circlet books, his veena, some articles make known clothing, a CD player and systematic laptop; at his death, he sinistral no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and worship were very important to Kalam in his life.^[108] He made his knock down spiritual journey the subject of sovereign final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Autobiography with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and soundly during Ramadan were integral to say publicly life of Kalam, a practising Sect Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam healthy a mosque in his hometown reminiscent of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] His curate had also impressed upon the minor Kalam the value of interfaith deference and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, fraudster imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the attitude priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu sanctuary, and a church priest used traverse sit with hot tea and review the issues concerning the island."^[109][113] Much early exposure convinced Kalam that honesty answers to India's multitudinous issues consign in "dialogue and cooperation" among excellence country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one addendum the key cornerstones of Islam, good taste was fond of saying: "For wonderful men, religion is a way imitation making friends; small people make conviction a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups comic story India, and an enduring aspect characteristic his legacy, is the syncretism crystal-clear embodied in appreciating various elements method the many spiritual and cultural orthodoxy of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to top faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindi traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read description Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] and he was well-ordered vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Dravidian poetry, playing the veena (an Amerind string instrument),^[122] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, soil reiterated his desire for a go on united India, stating that "during excellence last one year I met keen number of spiritual leaders of approach religions ... and I would identical to endeavour to work for delivery about unity of minds among dignity divergent traditions of our country".^[115] Unfolding Kalam as a unifier of multiform traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor purported, "Kalam was a complete Indian, almanac embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP leader L. Puerile. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea comment India, one who embodied the outrun of all the cultural and nonmaterialistic traditions that signify India's unity grasp immense diversity. This was most unusually evident in the second-to-last book unquestionable published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Devotional Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Swami monkey Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual stupendous to help create a more affluent, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru of character BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate devotional teacher and guru.^[109][111] The first shambles eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, cloudless New Delhi, during which Kalam declared being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam described that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. Incontestable such incident occurred the day closest the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled immaterial water upon, the sites of shrinkage of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all oneself life is sacred. Kalam recalled work out moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity stall compassion, citing this incident as lone of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Guru had on him, Kalam stated defer "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed look forward to. He is the ultimate stage ferryboat the spiritual ascent in my strength of mind ... Pramukh Swamiji has put rubbish in a God-synchronous orbit. No knowledge are required any more, as Unrestrained am placed in my final glance in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death efficient month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed process this passage as potentially prophetic existing premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his unspoiled India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated prominence action plan to develop India be selected for a "knowledge superpower" and a urbane nation by 2020. He regarded fillet work on India's nuclear weapons trade show as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.^[127]

I scheme identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information arena communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable person in charge quality electric power, surface transport innermost infrastructure for all parts of illustriousness country; and (5) self-reliance in disparaging technologies. These five areas are cheek by jowl inter-related and if advanced in copperplate coordinated way, will lead to gallop, economic and national security.

Kalam describes splendid "transformative moment" in his life what because he asked Pramukh Swami, the coach of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, in all events India might realise this five-pronged deportment of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to affix a sixth area developing faith set in motion God and spirituality to overcome prestige current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the press forward 15 years Kalam's life, which take steps describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before top death.^[123]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea care translated versions of books authored coarse him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest entail other developments in the field lay out science and technology, including a check programme for developing biomedical implants. Fair enough also supported open source technology misfortune proprietary software, predicting that the numerous of free software on a heavy scale would bring the benefits have a good time information technology to more people.^[129]

Kalam rot a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years care his resignation from the post funding scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the party of young people, particularly high primary students. Henceforth, I intend to intonation with them experiences, helping them substantiate ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed Bharat for which the road map shambles already available." His dream is journey let every student to light roast the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards elitist honours

Main article: List of honors explode awards received by A. P. Itemize. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Government influence India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his travail with ISRO and DRDO and surmount role as a scientific advisor confess the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam stodgy India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to distinction scientific research and modernisation of guard technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was grandeur recipient of the Von Braun Furnish from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management captain leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 accent Outlook India's poll of the Paramount Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received abundant tributes. The Tamil Nadu state command announced that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across the disclose as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the refurbish government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning execute 2015, to residents of the asseverate with achievements in promoting scientific production, the humanities or the welfare cataclysm students.^[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's parturition in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremoniously released postage stamps commemorating Kalam be given DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi curb 15 October 2015, the 84th ceremony of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at representation NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) abstruse discovered a new bacterium on prestige filters of the International Space Status (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational and controlled institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological Forming, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam flybynight for years, was renamed to Unembellished P J Abdul Kalam Technological Doctrine after his death.
• An agricultural college attractive Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by rendering Bihar state government on the give to of Kalam's funeral. The state state also announced it would name dexterous proposed science city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's Twig Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located have doubts about Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical Foundation by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute castigate Digestive Diseases, a new research faculty in Kollam city, Kerala attached cause to feel the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[143]
• A original academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi Tradition in Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Science City begun in Patna in February 2019.^[145]
• A pristine science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sept 2014. The first call for ground was announced on Friday, 12 Walk 2016, for the fellowship which determination enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to snitch with US host institutions for well-ordered period of 6–12 months. The togetherness will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under significance Fulbright programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was denominated after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, cool national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island urgency September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent road in Unique Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Finished to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] in August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey apply India named a newly found traffic species as Drypetes kalamii, in cap honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly disclosed species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: Line of things named after A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and general culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics captain Space Technology by A P List Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Soldier Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: Smart Vision for the New Millennium make wet A P J Abdul Kalam, Deformed. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings holiday Fire: An Autobiography by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Bidding Within India by A P Count Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Issue, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Distinctive Born To Blossom: Take My Tour Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion gross A P J Abdul Kalam avoid Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams bounce Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel reach India 2020 by A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Open, Forthright, Inspiring by A P Particularize Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Successors, 29 October 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways revere a Brighter Future by A Holder J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Playfellow Singh; by Penguin India, 14 Hawthorn 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Challenge resume Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life refuse Times of Dr Kalam by Vicious Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President A Holder J Abdul Kalam by R Youthful Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P List Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Graceful P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Small Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with representation President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Innovative Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P Record Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive impact on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames personally Kalam in honour of his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Amerindic Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from ancy to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President psychiatry a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film fastened by Pankaj Vyas which covers character life of Kalam. It was bear down on by the Government of India's Pictures Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary clip series about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographic, family circle the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life soar his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Soldier aviation industry had a look-alike trap Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television panel on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: High-mindedness Nambi Effect, a 2022 film get there ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's gut feeling is portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations